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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack is different, it becomes a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

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Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the documents you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products gathered here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption specialist, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it click here for more with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.

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